Hints will display for most wrong answers; explanations for most right answers.   You can attempt a question multiple times; it will only be scored correct if you get it right the first time.

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## MTEL General Curriculum Mathematics Practice

 Question 1

#### 314

Hint:
Try your procedure on a smaller number that you can count to see where you made a mistake.

#### 317

Hint:
Are there ever an odd number of white squares?

#### 320

Hint:
One way to see this is that there are 6 tiles on the left and right ends, and the rest of the white tiles are twice the number of black tiles (there are many other ways to look at it too).

#### 322

Hint:
Try your procedure on a smaller number that you can count to see where you made a mistake.
Question 1 Explanation:
Topic: Recognize and extend patterns using a variety of representations (e.g., verbal, numeric, pictorial, algebraic) (Objective 0021).
 Question 2

#### 0 years

Hint:
Range is the maximum life expectancy minus the minimum life expectancy.

#### 12 years

Hint:
Are you subtracting frequencies? Range is about values of the data, not frequency.

#### 18 years

Hint:
It's a little hard to read the graph, but it doesn't matter if you're consistent. It looks like the range for Africa is 80-38= 42 years and for Europe is 88-64 = 24; 42-24=18.

#### 42 years

Hint:
Question 2 Explanation:
Topic: Compare different data sets (Objective 0025).
 Question 3

#### a

Hint:
The slope of line a is negative.

#### b

Hint:
Wrong slope and wrong intercept.

#### c

Hint:
The intercept of line c is positive.

#### d

Hint:
Slope is 2 -- for every increase of 1 in x, y increases by 2. Intercept is -5 -- the point (0,-5) is on the line.
Question 3 Explanation:
Topic: Find a linear equation that represents a graph (Objective 0022).
 Question 4

#### What fraction of the area of the picture below is shaded?

 A $$\large \dfrac{17}{24}$$Hint: You might try adding segments so each quadrant is divided into 6 pieces with equal area -- there will be 24 regions, not all the same shape, but all the same area, with 17 of them shaded (for the top left quarter, you could also first change the diagonal line to a horizontal or vertical line that divides the square in two equal pieces and shade one) . B $$\large \dfrac{3}{4}$$Hint: Be sure you're taking into account the different sizes of the pieces. C $$\large \dfrac{2}{3}$$Hint: The bottom half of the picture is 2/3 shaded, and the top half is more than 2/3 shaded, so this answer is too small. D $$\large \dfrac{17}{6}$$Hint: This answer is bigger than 1, so doesn't make any sense. Be sure you are using the whole picture, not one quadrant, as the unit.
Question 4 Explanation:
Topic: Models of Fractions (Objective 0017)
 Question 5

#### How many of the figures pictured above have at least one line of reflective symmetry?

 A $$\large 1$$ B $$\large 2$$Hint: The ellipse has 2 lines of reflective symmetry (horizontal and vertical, through the center) and the triangle has 3. The other two figures have rotational symmetry, but not reflective symmetry. C $$\large 3$$ D $$\large 4$$Hint: All four have rotational symmetry, but not reflective symmetry.
Question 5 Explanation:
Topic: Analyze and apply geometric transformations (e.g., translations, rotations, reflections, dilations); relate them to concepts of symmetry, similarity, and congruence; and use these concepts to solve problems (Objective 0024).
 Question 6

#### Which of the lists below is in order from least to greatest value?

 A $$\large -0.044,\quad -0.04,\quad 0.04,\quad 0.044$$Hint: These are easier to compare if you add trailing zeroes (this is finding a common denominator) -- all in thousandths, -0.044, -0.040,0 .040, 0.044. The middle two numbers, -0.040 and 0.040 can be modeled as owing 4 cents and having 4 cents. The outer two numbers are owing or having a bit more. B $$\large -0.04,\quad -0.044,\quad 0.044,\quad 0.04$$Hint: 0.04=0.040, which is less than 0.044. C $$\large -0.04,\quad -0.044,\quad 0.04,\quad 0.044$$Hint: -0.04=-0.040, which is greater than $$-0.044$$. D $$\large -0.044,\quad -0.04,\quad 0.044,\quad 0.04$$Hint: 0.04=0.040, which is less than 0.044.
Question 6 Explanation:
Topic: Ordering decimals and integers (Objective 0017).
 Question 7

#### 2 pentagons and 5 rectangles.

Hint:
These can be assembled to form a pentagonal prism, not a pentagonal pyramid.

#### 1 square and 5 equilateral triangles.

Hint:
You need a pentagon for a pentagonal pyramid.

#### 1 pentagon and 10 isosceles triangles.

Question 7 Explanation:
Topic:Classify and analyze three-dimensional figures using attributes of faces, edges, and vertices (Objective 0024).
 Question 8

#### What is the length of side $$\overline{BD}$$ in the triangle below, where $$\angle DBA$$ is a right angle?

 A $$\large 1$$Hint: Use the Pythagorean Theorem. B $$\large \sqrt{5}$$Hint: $$2^2+e^2=3^2$$ or $$4+e^2=9;e^2=5; e=\sqrt{5}$$. C $$\large \sqrt{13}$$Hint: e is not the hypotenuse. D $$\large 5$$Hint: Use the Pythagorean Theorem.
Question 8 Explanation:
Topic: Derive and use formulas for calculating the lengths, perimeters, areas, volumes, and surface areas of geometric shapes and figures (Objective 0023), and recognize and apply connections between algebra and geometry (e.g., the use of coordinate systems, the Pythagorean theorem) (Objective 0024).
 Question 9

#### George left home at 10:00 and drove to work on a crooked path. He was stopped in traffic at 10:30 and 10:45. He drove 30 miles total.

Hint:
Just because he ended up 30 miles from home doesn't mean he drove 30 miles total.

#### George drove to work. On the way to work there is a little hill and a big hill. He slowed down for them. He made it to work at 11:15.

Hint:
The graph is not a picture of the roads.

#### George left home at 10:15. He drove 10 miles, then realized he‘d forgotten something at home. He turned back and got what he‘d forgotten. Then he drove in a straight line, at many different speeds, until he got to work around 11:15.

Hint:
A straight line on a distance versus time graph means constant speed.

#### George left home at 10:15. He drove 10 miles, then realized he‘d forgotten something at home. He turned back and got what he‘d forgotten. Then he drove at a constant speed until he got to work around 11:15.

Question 9 Explanation:
Topic: Use qualitative graphs to represent functional relationships in the real world (Objective 0021).
 Question 10

#### A solution requires 4 ml of saline for every 7 ml of medicine. How much saline would be required for 50 ml of medicine?

 A $$\large 28 \dfrac{4}{7}$$ mlHint: 49 ml of medicine requires 28 ml of saline. The extra ml of saline requires 4 ml saline/ 7 ml medicine = 4/7 ml saline per 1 ml medicine. B $$\large 28 \dfrac{1}{4}$$ mlHint: 49 ml of medicine requires 28 ml of saline. How much saline does the extra ml require? C $$\large 28 \dfrac{1}{7}$$ mlHint: 49 ml of medicine requires 28 ml of saline. How much saline does the extra ml require? D $$\large 87.5$$ mlHint: 49 ml of medicine requires 28 ml of saline. How much saline does the extra ml require?
Question 10 Explanation:
Topic: Apply proportional thinking to estimate quantities in real world situations (Objective 0019).
 Question 11

#### Which of the lists below is in order from least to greatest value?

 A $$\large \dfrac{1}{2},\quad \dfrac{1}{3},\quad \dfrac{1}{4},\quad \dfrac{1}{5}$$Hint: This is ordered from greatest to least. B $$\large \dfrac{1}{3},\quad \dfrac{2}{7},\quad \dfrac{3}{8},\quad \dfrac{4}{11}$$Hint: 1/3 = 2/6 is bigger than 2/7. C $$\large \dfrac{1}{4},\quad \dfrac{2}{5},\quad \dfrac{2}{3},\quad \dfrac{4}{5}$$Hint: One way to look at this: 1/4 and 2/5 are both less than 1/2, and 2/3 and 4/5 are both greater than 1/2. 1/4 is 25% and 2/5 is 40%, so 2/5 is greater. The distance from 2/3 to 1 is 1/3 and from 4/5 to 1 is 1/5, and 1/5 is less than 1/3, so 4/5 is bigger. D $$\large \dfrac{7}{8},\quad \dfrac{6}{7},\quad \dfrac{5}{6},\quad \dfrac{4}{5}$$Hint: This is in order from greatest to least.
Question 11 Explanation:
Topic: Ordering Fractions (Objective 0017)
 Question 12

#### There are six gumballs in a bag — two red and four green.  Six children take turns picking a gumball out of the bag without looking.   They do not return any gumballs to the bag.  What is the probability that the first two children to pick from the bag pick the red gumballs?

 A $$\large \dfrac{1}{3}$$Hint: This is the probability that the first child picks a red gumball, but not that the first two children pick red gumballs. B $$\large \dfrac{1}{8}$$Hint: Are you adding things that you should be multiplying? C $$\large \dfrac{1}{9}$$Hint: This would be the probability if the gumballs were returned to the bag. D $$\large \dfrac{1}{15}$$Hint: The probability that the first child picks red is 2/6 = 1/3. Then there are 5 gumballs in the bag, one red, so the probability that the second child picks red is 1/5. Thus 1/5 of the time, after the first child picks red, the second does too, so the probability is 1/5 x 1/3 = 1/15.
Question 12 Explanation:
Topic: Calculate the probabilities of simple and compound events and of independent and dependent events (Objective 0026).
 Question 13

#### Use the samples of a student's work below to answer the question that follows:

$$\large \dfrac{2}{3}\times \dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{4\times 2}{3\times 3}=\dfrac{8}{9}$$ $$\large \dfrac{2}{5}\times \dfrac{7}{7}=\dfrac{7\times 2}{5\times 7}=\dfrac{2}{5}$$ $$\large \dfrac{7}{6}\times \dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{4\times 7}{6\times 3}=\dfrac{28}{18}=\dfrac{14}{9}$$

#### It is not valid. It never produces the correct answer.

Hint:
In the middle example,the answer is correct.

#### It is not valid. It produces the correct answer in a few special cases, but it‘s still not a valid algorithm.

Hint:
Note that this algorithm gives a/b divided by c/d, not a/b x c/d, but some students confuse multiplication and cross-multiplication. If a=0 or if c/d =1, division and multiplication give the same answer.

#### It is valid if the rational numbers in the multiplication problem are in lowest terms.

Hint:
Lowest terms is irrelevant.

#### It is valid for all rational numbers.

Hint:
Can't be correct as the first and last examples have the wrong answers.
Question 13 Explanation:
Topic: Analyze Non-Standard Computational Algorithms (Objective 0019).
 Question 14

#### The median number of pairs of footware owned is between 50 and 60 pairs.

Hint:
The same number of data points are less than the median as are greater than the median -- but on this histogram, clearly more than half the students own less than 50 pairs of shoes, so the median is less than 50.

#### The mode of the number of pairs of footware owned is 20.

Hint:
The mode is the most common number of pairs of footwear owned. We can't tell it from this histogram because each bar represents 10 different numbers-- perhaps 8 students each own each number from 10 to 19, but 40 students own exactly 6 pairs of shoes.... or perhaps not....

#### The mean number of pairs of footware owned is less than the median number of pairs of footware owned.

Hint:
This is a right skewed distribution, and so the mean is bigger than the median -- the few large values on the right pull up the mean, but have little effect on the median.

#### The median number of pairs of footware owned is between 10 and 20.

Hint:
There are approximately 230 students represented in this survey, and the 41st through 120th lowest values are between 10 and 20 -- thus the middle value is in that range.
Question 14 Explanation:
Topics: Analyze and interpret various graphic and data representations, and use measures of central tendency (e.g., mean, median, mode) and spread to describe and interpret real-world data (Objective 0025).
 Question 15

#### If two fair coins are flipped, what is the probability that one will come up heads and the other tails?

 A $$\large \dfrac{1}{4}$$Hint: Think of the coins as a penny and a dime, and list all possibilities. B $$\large \dfrac{1}{3}$$Hint: This is a very common misconception. There are three possible outcomes -- both heads, both tails, and one of each -- but they are not equally likely. Think of the coins as a penny and a dime, and list all possibilities. C $$\large \dfrac{1}{2}$$Hint: The possibilities are HH, HT, TH, TT, and all are equally likely. Two of the four have one of each coin, so the probability is 2/4=1/2. D $$\large \dfrac{3}{4}$$Hint: Think of the coins as a penny and a dime, and list all possibilities.
Question 15 Explanation:
Topic: Calculate the probabilities of simple and compound events and of independent and dependent events (Objective 0026).
 Question 16

#### Tetrahedron

Hint:
All the faces of a tetrahedron are triangles.

#### Triangular Prism

Hint:
A prism has two congruent, parallel bases, connected by parallelograms (since this is a right prism, the parallelograms are rectangles).

#### Triangular Pyramid

Hint:
A pyramid has one base, not two.

#### Trigon

Hint:
A trigon is a triangle (this is not a common term).
Question 16 Explanation:
Topic: Classify and analyze three-dimensional figures using attributes of faces, edges, and vertices (Objective 0024).
 Question 17

#### The commutative property is used incorrectly.

Hint:
The commutative property is $$a+b=b+a$$ or $$ab=ba$$.

#### The associative property is used incorrectly.

Hint:
The associative property is $$a+(b+c)=(a+b)+c$$ or $$a \times (b \times c)=(a \times b) \times c$$.

#### The distributive property is used incorrectly.

Hint:
$$(x+3)(x+3)=x(x+3)+3(x+3)$$=$$x^2+3x+3x+9.$$
Question 17 Explanation:
Topic: Justify algebraic manipulations by application of the properties of equality, the order of operations, the number properties, and the order properties (Objective 0020).
 Question 18

#### Which of the following is the equation of a linear function?

 A $$\large y={{x}^{2}}+2x+7$$Hint: This is a quadratic function. B $$\large y={{2}^{x}}$$Hint: This is an exponential function. C $$\large y=\dfrac{15}{x}$$Hint: This is an inverse function. D $$\large y=x+(x+4)$$Hint: This is a linear function, y=2x+4, it's graph is a straight line with slope 2 and y-intercept 4.
Question 18 Explanation:
Topic: Distinguish between linear and nonlinear functions (Objective 0022).
 Question 19

#### An above-ground swimming pool is in the shape of a regular hexagonal prism, is one meter high, and holds 65 cubic meters of water.  A second pool has a base that is also a regular hexagon, but with sides twice as long as the sides in the first pool.  This second pool is also one meter high.  How much water will the second pool hold?

 A $$\large 65\text{ }{{\text{m}}^{3}}$$Hint: A bigger pool would hold more water. B $$\large 65\cdot 2\text{ }{{\text{m}}^{3}}$$Hint: Try a simpler example, say doubling the sides of the base of a 1 x 1 x 1 cube. C $$\large 65\cdot 4\text{ }{{\text{m}}^{3}}$$Hint: If we think of the pool as filled with 1 x 1 x 1 cubes (and some fractions of cubes), then scaling to the larger pool changes each 1 x 1 x 1 cube to a 2 x 2 x 1 prism, or multiplies volume by 4. D $$\large 65\cdot 8\text{ }{{\text{m}}^{3}}$$Hint: Try a simpler example, say doubling the sides of the base of a 1 x 1 x 1 cube.
Question 19 Explanation:
Topic: Determine how the characteristics (e.g., area, volume) of geometric figures and shapes are affected by changes in their dimensions (Objective 0023).
 Question 20

#### The chairs in a large room can be arranged in rows of 18, 25, or 60 with no chairs left over. If C is the smallest possible number of chairs in the room, which of the following inequalities does C satisfy?

 A $$\large C\le 300$$Hint: Find the LCM. B $$\large 300 < C \le 500$$Hint: Find the LCM. C $$\large 500 < C \le 700$$Hint: Find the LCM. D $$\large C>700$$Hint: The LCM is 900, which is the smallest number of chairs.
Question 20 Explanation:
Topic: Apply LCM in "real-world" situations (according to standardized tests....) (Objective 0018).
 Question 21

#### How many factors does 80 have?

 A $$\large8$$Hint: Don't forget 1 and 80. B $$\large9$$Hint: Only perfect squares have an odd number of factors -- otherwise factors come in pairs. C $$\large10$$Hint: 1,2,4,5,8,10,16,20,40,80 D $$\large12$$Hint: Did you count a number twice? Include a number that isn't a factor?
Question 21 Explanation:
Topic: Understand and apply principles of number theory (Objective 0018).
 Question 22

#### The function d(x) gives the result when 12 is divided by x.  Which of the following is a graph of d(x)?

 A Hint: d(x) is 12 divided by x, not x divided by 12. B Hint: When x=2, what should d(x) be? C Hint: When x=2, what should d(x) be? D
Question 22 Explanation:
Topic: Identify and analyze direct and inverse relationships in tables, graphs, algebraic expressions and real-world situations (Objective 0021)
 Question 23

#### Four children randomly line up, single file.  What is the probability that they are in height order, with the shortest child in front?   All of the children are different heights.

 A $$\large \dfrac{1}{4}$$Hint: Try a simpler question with 3 children -- call them big, medium, and small -- and list all the ways they could line up. Then see how to extend your logic to the problem with 4 children. B $$\large \dfrac{1}{256}$$Hint: Try a simpler question with 3 children -- call them big, medium, and small -- and list all the ways they could line up. Then see how to extend your logic to the problem with 4 children. C $$\large \dfrac{1}{16}$$Hint: Try a simpler question with 3 children -- call them big, medium, and small -- and list all the ways they could line up. Then see how to extend your logic to the problem with 4 children. D $$\large \dfrac{1}{24}$$Hint: The number of ways for the children to line up is $$4!=4 \times 3 \times 2 \times 1 =24$$ -- there are 4 choices for who is first in line, then 3 for who is second, etc. Only one of these lines has the children in the order specified.
Question 23 Explanation:
Topic: Apply knowledge of combinations and permutations to the computation of probabilities (Objective 0026).
 Question 24

#### Intercept = 0.4 cm, Slope = 125 cm/page

Hint:
This would mean that each page of the book was 125 cm thick.

#### Intercept =0.4 cm, Slope = $$\dfrac{1}{125}$$cm/page

Hint:
The intercept is how thick the book would be with no pages in it. The slope is how much 1 extra page adds to the thickness of the book.

#### Intercept = 125 cm, Slope = 0.4 cm

Hint:
This would mean that with no pages in the book, it would be 125 cm thick.

#### Intercept = $$\dfrac{1}{125}$$cm, Slope = 0.4 pages/cm

Hint:
This would mean that each new page of the book made it 0.4 cm thicker.
Question 24 Explanation:
Topic: Interpret the meaning of the slope and the intercepts of a linear equation that models a real-world situation (Objective 0022).
 Question 25

#### A car is traveling at 60 miles per hour.  Which of the expressions below could be used to compute how many feet the car travels in 1 second?  Note that 1 mile = 5,280 feet.

 A $$\large 60\dfrac{\text{miles}}{\text{hour}}\cdot 5280\dfrac{\text{feet}}{\text{mile}}\cdot 60\dfrac{\text{minutes}}{\text{hour}}\cdot 60\dfrac{\text{seconds}}{\text{minute}}$$Hint: This answer is not in feet/second. B $$\large 60\dfrac{\text{miles}}{\text{hour}}\cdot 5280\dfrac{\text{feet}}{\text{mile}}\cdot \dfrac{1}{60}\dfrac{\text{hour}}{\text{minutes}}\cdot \dfrac{1}{60}\dfrac{\text{minute}}{\text{seconds}}$$Hint: This is the only choice where the answer is in feet per second and the unit conversions are correct. C $$\large 60\dfrac{\text{miles}}{\text{hour}}\cdot \dfrac{1}{5280}\dfrac{\text{foot}}{\text{miles}}\cdot 60\dfrac{\text{hours}}{\text{minute}}\cdot \dfrac{1}{60}\dfrac{\text{minute}}{\text{seconds}}$$Hint: Are there really 60 hours in a minute? D $$\large 60\dfrac{\text{miles}}{\text{hour}}\cdot \dfrac{1}{5280}\dfrac{\text{mile}}{\text{feet}}\cdot 60\dfrac{\text{minutes}}{\text{hour}}\cdot \dfrac{1}{60}\dfrac{\text{minute}}{\text{seconds}}$$Hint: This answer is not in feet/second.
Question 25 Explanation:
Topic: Use unit conversions and dimensional analysis to solve measurement problems (Objective 0023).
 Question 26

#### 4

Hint:
The card blocks more than half of the circles, so this number is too small.

#### 5

Hint:
The card blocks more than half of the circles, so this number is too small.

#### 8

Hint:
The card blocks more than half of the circles, so this number is too small.

#### 12

Hint:
2/5 of the circles or 8 circles are showing. Thus 4 circles represent 1/5 of the circles, and $$4 \times 5=20$$ circles represent 5/5 or all the circles. Thus 12 circles are hidden.
Question 26 Explanation:
Topic: Models of Fractions (Objective 0017)
 Question 27

#### Store B

Hint:
This saves 15% and C saves 25%.

#### Store D

Hint:
This is about 20% off, which is less of a discount than C.
Question 27 Explanation:
Topic: Understand the meanings and models of integers, fractions, decimals,percents, and mixed numbers and apply them to the solution of word problems (Objective 0017).
 Question 28

#### Which of the following does not represent the number of gumdrops in a row of h houses?

 A $$\large 2+3h$$Hint: Think of this as start with 2 gumdrops on the left wall, and then add 3 gumdrops for each house. B $$\large 5+3(h-1)$$Hint: Think of this as start with one house, and then add 3 gumdrops for each of the other h-1 houses. C $$\large h+(h+1)+(h+1)$$Hint: Look at the gumdrops in 3 rows: h gumdrops for the "rooftops," h+1 for the tops of the vertical walls, and h+1 for the floors. D $$\large 5+3h$$Hint: This one is not a correct equation (which makes it the correct answer!). Compare to choice A. One of them has to be wrong, as they differ by 3.
Question 28 Explanation:
Topic: Translate among different representations (e.g., tables, graphs, algebraic expressions, verbal descriptions) of functional relationships (Objective 0021).
 Question 29

#### The quotient is $$3\dfrac{1}{2}$$. There are 3 whole blocks each representing $$\dfrac{2}{3}$$ and a partial block composed of 3 small rectangles. The 3 small rectangles represent $$\dfrac{3}{6}$$ of a whole, or $$\dfrac{1}{2}$$.

Hint:
We are counting how many 2/3's are in
2 1/2: the unit becomes 2/3, not 1.

#### The quotient is $$\dfrac{4}{15}$$. There are four whole blocks separated into a total of 15 small rectangles.

Hint:
This explanation doesn't make much sense. Probably you are doing "invert and multiply," but inverting the wrong thing.

#### This picture cannot be used to find the quotient because it does not show how to separate $$2\dfrac{1}{2}$$ into equal sized groups.

Hint:
Study the measurement/quotative model of division. It's often very useful with fractions.
Question 29 Explanation:
Topic: Recognize and analyze pictorial representations of number operations. (Objective 0019).
 Question 30

#### 100

Hint:
6124/977 is approximately 6.

#### 200

Hint:
6124/977 is approximately 6.

#### 1,000

Hint:
6124/977 is approximately 6. 155 is approximately 150, and $$6 \times 150 = 3 \times 300 = 900$$, so this answer is closest.

#### 2,000

Hint:
6124/977 is approximately 6.
Question 30 Explanation:
Topics: Estimation, simplifying fractions (Objective 0016).
 Question 31

#### Commutative Property.

Hint:
For addition, the commutative property is $$a+b=b+a$$ and for multiplication it's $$a \times b = b \times a$$.

#### Associative Property.

Hint:
For addition, the associative property is $$(a+b)+c=a+(b+c)$$ and for multiplication it's $$(a \times b) \times c=a \times (b \times c)$$

#### Identity Property.

Hint:
0 is the additive identity, because $$a+0=a$$ and 1 is the multiplicative identity because $$a \times 1=a$$. The phrase "identity property" is not standard.

#### Distributive Property.

Hint:
$$(25+1) \times 16 = 25 \times 16 + 1 \times 16$$. This is an example of the distributive property of multiplication over addition.
Question 31 Explanation:
Topic: Analyze and justify mental math techniques, by applying arithmetic properties such as commutative, distributive, and associative (Objective 0019). Note that it's hard to write a question like this as a multiple choice question -- worthwhile to understand why the other steps work too.
 Question 32

#### What is the probability that two randomly selected people were born on the same day of the week?  Assume that all days are equally probable.

 A $$\large \dfrac{1}{7}$$Hint: It doesn't matter what day the first person was born on. The probability that the second person will match is 1/7 (just designate one person the first and the other the second). Another way to look at it is that if you list the sample space of all possible pairs, e.g. (Wed, Sun), there are 49 such pairs, and 7 of them are repeats of the same day, and 7/49=1/7. B $$\large \dfrac{1}{14}$$Hint: What would be the sample space here? Ie, how would you list 14 things that you pick one from? C $$\large \dfrac{1}{42}$$Hint: If you wrote the seven days of the week on pieces of paper and put the papers in a jar, this would be the probability that the first person picked Sunday and the second picked Monday from the jar -- not the same situation. D $$\large \dfrac{1}{49}$$Hint: This is the probability that they are both born on a particular day, e.g. Sunday.
Question 32 Explanation:
Topic: Calculate the probabilities of simple and compound events and of independent and dependent events (Objective 0026).
 Question 33

#### What is the perimeter of the window glass?

 A $$\large 3x+\dfrac{\pi x}{2}$$Hint: By definition, $$\pi$$ is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter; thus the circumference is $$\pi d$$. Since we have a semi-circle, its perimeter is $$\dfrac{1}{2} \pi x$$. Only 3 sides of the square contribute to the perimeter. B $$\large 3x+2\pi x$$Hint: Make sure you know how to find the circumference of a circle. C $$\large 3x+\pi x$$Hint: Remember it's a semi-circle, not a circle. D $$\large 4x+2\pi x$$Hint: Only 3 sides of the square contribute to the perimeter.
Question 33 Explanation:
Topic: Derive and use formulas for calculating the lengths, perimeters, areas, volumes, and surface areas of geometric shapes and figures (Objective 0023).
 Question 34

#### The student‘s solution is correct.

Hint:
Try plugging into the original solution.

#### The student did not correctly use properties of equality.

Hint:
After $$x=-2x+10$$, the student subtracted 2x on the left and added 2x on the right.

#### The student did not correctly use the distributive property.

Hint:
Distributive property is $$a(b+c)=ab+ac$$.

#### The student did not correctly use the commutative property.

Hint:
Commutative property is $$a+b=b+a$$ or $$ab=ba$$.
Question 34 Explanation:
Topic: Justify algebraic manipulations by application of the properties of equality, the order of operations, the number properties, and the order properties (Objective 0020).
 Question 35

#### Which of the lists below contains only irrational numbers?

 A $$\large\pi , \quad \sqrt{6},\quad \sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2}}$$ B $$\large\pi , \quad \sqrt{9}, \quad \pi +1$$Hint: $$\sqrt{9}=3$$ C $$\large\dfrac{1}{3},\quad \dfrac{5}{4},\quad \dfrac{2}{9}$$Hint: These are all rational. D $$\large-3,\quad 14,\quad 0$$Hint: These are all rational.
Question 35 Explanation:
Topic: Identifying rational and irrational numbers (Objective 0016).
 Question 36

#### Which of the numbers below is not equivalent to 4%?

 A $$\large \dfrac{1}{25}$$Hint: 1/25=4/100, so this is equal to 4% (be sure you read the question correctly). B $$\large \dfrac{4}{100}$$Hint: 4/100=4% (be sure you read the question correctly). C $$\large 0.4$$Hint: 0.4=40% so this is not equal to 4% D $$\large 0.04$$Hint: 0.04=4/100, so this is equal to 4% (be sure you read the question correctly).
Question 36 Explanation:
Converting between fractions, decimals, and percents (Objective 0017).
 Question 37

#### The teacher can be sure that the mean and median will be the same without doing any computation.

Hint:
Does this make sense? How likely is it that the mean and median of any large data set will be the same?

#### The teacher can be sure that the mean is bigger than the median without doing any computation.

Hint:
This is a skewed distribution, and very large countries like China and India contribute huge numbers to the mean, but are counted the same as small countries like Luxembourg in the median (the same thing happens w/data on salaries, where a few very high income people tilt the mean -- that's why such data is usually reported as medians).

#### The teacher can be sure that the median is bigger than the mean without doing any computation.

Hint:
Think about a set of numbers like 1, 2, 3, 4, 10,000 -- how do the mean/median compare? How might that relate to countries of the world?

#### There is no way for the teacher to know the relative size of the mean and median without computing them.

Hint:
Knowing the shape of the distribution of populations does give us enough info to know the relative size of the mean and median, even without computing them.
Question 37 Explanation:
Topic: Use measures of central tendency (e.g., mean, median, mode) and spread to describe and interpret real-world data (Objective 0025).
 Question 38

#### Which of the equations below could best be used to explain why the children's conjecture is correct?

 A $$\large 8x+16x=9x+15x$$Hint: What would x represent in this case? Make sure you can describe in words what x represents. B $$\large x+(x+2)=(x+1)+(x+1)$$Hint: What would x represent in this case? Make sure you can describe in words what x represents. C $$\large x+(x+8)=(x+1)+(x+7)$$Hint: x is the number in the top left square, x+8 is one below and to the right, x+1 is to the right of x, and x+7 is below x. D $$\large x+8+16=x+9+15$$Hint: What would x represent in this case? Make sure you can describe in words what x represents.
Question 38 Explanation:
Topic: Recognize and apply the concepts of variable, equality, and equation to express relationships algebraically (Objective 0020).
 Question 39

#### Let p represent the regular price of these t-shirt. Which of the following equations is correct?

 A $$\large 0.8p=\8.73$$Hint: 80% of the regular price = $8.73. B $$\large \8.73+0.2*\8.73=p$$Hint: The 20% off was off of the ORIGINAL price, not off the$8.73 (a lot of people make this mistake). Plus this is the same equation as in choice c. C $$\large 1.2*\8.73=p$$Hint: The 20% off was off of the ORIGINAL price, not off the \$8.73 (a lot of people make this mistake). Plus this is the same equation as in choice b. D $$\large p-0.2*\8.73=p$$Hint: Subtract p from both sides of this equation, and you have -.2 x 8.73 =0.
Question 39 Explanation:
Topics: Use algebra to solve word problems involving percents and identify variables, and derive algebraic expressions that represent real-world situations (Objective 0020).
 Question 40

#### A

Hint:
$$\frac{34}{135} \approx \frac{1}{4}$$ and $$\frac{53}{86} \approx \frac {2}{3}$$. $$\frac {1}{4}$$ of $$\frac {2}{3}$$ is small and closest to A.

#### B

Hint:
Estimate with simpler fractions.

#### C

Hint:
Estimate with simpler fractions.

#### D

Hint:
Estimate with simpler fractions.
Question 40 Explanation:
Topic: Understand meaning and models of operations on fractions (Objective 0019).
 Question 41

#### 1.5°

Hint:
Celsius and Fahrenheit don't increase at the same rate.

#### 1.8°

Hint:
That's how much the Fahrenheit temp increases when the Celsius temp goes up by 1 degree.

#### 2.7°

Hint:
Each degree increase in Celsius corresponds to a $$\dfrac{9}{5}=1.8$$ degree increase in Fahrenheit. Thus the increase is 1.8+0.9=2.7.

#### Not enough information.

Hint:
A linear equation has constant slope, which means that every increase of the same amount in one variable, gives a constant increase in the other variable. It doesn't matter what temperature the patient started out at.
Question 41 Explanation:
Topic: Interpret the meaning of the slope and the intercepts of a linear equation that models a real-world situation (Objective 0022).
 Question 42

#### $$7-4=3$$ and $$8-5=3$$, so the fractions are equal.

Hint:
Not how to compare fractions. By this logic, 1/2 and 3/4 are equal, but 1/2 and 2/4 are not.

#### $$4\times 8=32$$ and $$7\times 5=35$$. Since $$32<35$$ , $$\dfrac{5}{8}<\dfrac{4}{7}$$

Hint:
Starts out as something that works, but the conclusion is wrong. 4/7 = 32/56 and 5/8 = 35/56. The cross multiplication gives the numerators, and 35/56 is bigger.

#### $$4<5$$ and $$7<8$$, so $$\dfrac{4}{7}<\dfrac{5}{8}$$

Hint:
Conclusion is correct, logic is wrong. With this reasoning, 1/2 would be less than 2/100,000.
Question 42 Explanation:
Topics: Comparing fractions, and understanding the meaning of fractions (Objective 0017).
 Question 43

#### The picture below represents a board with pegs on it, where the closest distance between two pegs is 1 cm.  What is the area of the pentagon shown?

 A $$\large 8\text{ c}{{\text{m}}^{2}}$$Hint: Don't just count the dots inside, that doesn't give the area. Try adding segments so that the slanted lines become the diagonals of rectangles. B $$\large 11\text{ c}{{\text{m}}^{2}}$$Hint: Try adding segments so that the slanted lines become the diagonals of rectangles. C $$\large 11.5\text{ c}{{\text{m}}^{2}}$$Hint: An easy way to do this problem is to use Pick's Theorem (of course, it's better if you understand why Pick's theorem works): area = # pegs inside + half # pegs on the border - 1. In this case 8+9/2-1=11.5. A more appropriate strategy for elementary classrooms is to add segments; here's one way. There are 20 1x1 squares enclosed, and the total area of the triangles that need to be subtracted is 8.5 D $$\large 12.5\text{ c}{{\text{m}}^{2}}$$Hint: Try adding segments so that the slanted lines become the diagonals of rectangles.
Question 43 Explanation:
Topics: Calculate measurements and derive and use formulas for calculating the areas of geometric shapes and figures (Objective 0023).
 Question 44

#### The expression $$\large {{7}^{-4}}\cdot {{8}^{-6}}$$ is equal to which of the following?

 A $$\large \dfrac{8}{{{\left( 56 \right)}^{4}}}$$Hint: The bases are whole numbers, and the exponents are negative. How can the numerator be 8? B $$\large \dfrac{64}{{{\left( 56 \right)}^{4}}}$$Hint: The bases are whole numbers, and the exponents are negative. How can the numerator be 64? C $$\large \dfrac{1}{8\cdot {{\left( 56 \right)}^{4}}}$$Hint: $$8^{-6}=8^{-4} \times 8^{-2}$$ D $$\large \dfrac{1}{64\cdot {{\left( 56 \right)}^{4}}}$$
Question 44 Explanation:
Topics: Laws of exponents (Objective 0019).
 Question 45

#### What was the mean score on the quiz?

 A $$\large 2.75$$Hint: There were 20 students who took the quiz. Total points earned: $$2 \times 1+6 \times 2+ 7\times 3+5 \times 4=55$$, and 55/20 = 2.75. B $$\large 2$$Hint: How many students are there total? Did you count them all? C $$\large 3$$Hint: How many students are there total? Did you count them all? Be sure you're finding the mean, not the median or the mode. D $$\large 2.5$$Hint: How many students are there total? Did you count them all? Don't just take the mean of 1, 2, 3, 4 -- you have to weight them properly.
Question 45 Explanation:
Topics: Analyze and interpret various graphic representations, and use measures of central tendency (e.g., mean, median, mode) and spread to describe and interpret real-world data (Objective 0025).
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